How to choose and use the metal working fluid correctly in the process of machining?

Release time: 2023-05-10

1. Classification of metal working fluids

There are two main types of processing fluids used in metal processing: one is water-insoluble processing fluids, also known as oil-based cutting fluids (we often say cutting oils), and the other is water-soluble processing fluids, Also called water-based cutting fluids (according to different components can be divided into three types: emulsified, semi-synthetic, and fully synthetic).

2. The role of metal working fluid

There are four main functions of metal working fluid in the process of machine processing:

First, lubrication: in the cutting process, the workpiece is cut by contact with the tip of the tool. In addition, friction occurs between the tool and the workpiece, and between the tool and the chip in the vicinity of the machining point. By supplying the machining fluid to the contact point between the tool and the workpiece, the friction force is reduced and the lubrication effect is achieved.

Second, the cooling effect: the energy generated by metal cutting basically becomes heat energy. If the heat cannot be effectively controlled, it will accumulate on the workpiece, which will affect the shape and accuracy of the workpiece processing. In addition, the wear and tear of the tool will increase with the rise of temperature, so the processing fluid has a good cooling effect.

Third, cleaning effect: cutting/grinding processing of cutting chips, powder, sand, etc., if accumulated on the cutting point, will cause harm to the processing, resulting in damage to the tool and the workpiece scratches and other issues, so it must be quickly removed. In addition, longer cutting chips may also be wound on the tool, which is very dangerous for the operation, so the processing fluid also plays a cleaning role.

Fourth, the role of rust: in the cutting process, the workpiece and the machine tool are vulnerable to the surrounding medium such as moisture, oxygen, sweat, acid and dust in the air and rust, so the processing fluid itself is not only required for machine tools, tools and workpieces do not produce rust, but also have good anti-rust ability for metal products.

Of course, in addition to the above four main uses, it should also have the characteristics of environmental protection, convenient use, stability (storage), and long life.

3, metal processing fluid how to choose to use?

Generally in the following cases, should choose water-based cutting fluid:

A, with oil-based cutting fluid potential fire hazard processing;

B, high-speed and large feed processing, the processing process produces a lot of heat, so that the processing area tends to high temperature, smoke is intense, there is a risk of fire, and high-speed and large feed processing, if the cooling is not sufficient, the surface of the workpiece will be burned, affecting the processing accuracy;

C, before and after the process of the process to consider;

D, hope to reduce the oil splash and oil mist diffusion caused by the pollution around the machine, so as to keep the environment clean;

E, from the price consideration, for some processing materials and workpiece surface quality requirements are not high processing, the use of water-based cutting fluid has been able to meet the requirements, can reduce the use of cutting fluid cost.

Generally, oil-based cutting fluid should be selected under the following circumstances:

A, when the tool durability of the processing economy occupies a large proportion (such as the tool is expensive, grinding tool difficult, loading and unloading tool for a long time, etc.) the use of good lubrication of oil-based cutting fluid can greatly extend the service life of the tool;

B, high precision machine tools, expensive, do not allow water mixed, so as not to cause machine corrosion;

c. The lubrication system and cooling system of the machine tool are easy to collude, and the coolant is easy to penetrate into the lubrication system, causing the failure of the lubrication system of the machine tool and the rust of the internal parts of the machine tool;

D, do not have the waste liquid treatment conditions of the enterprise;

E, machine tool design requires the use of oil-based cutting fluid do not easily switch to water-based cutting fluid.

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Advantages and Application of Metal Processing Cutting Fluid

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